In Punjab, the agriculture is mechanised. In addition, the development of high yield varieties meant that only a few species of say, rice started being grown. After selectively breeding these plants, they evolved to all have the characteristic of larger seeds. The Green revolution is the agricultural practices that started in Mexico in 1940. Punjab has largest number of tractors. The Green Revolution was a period when the productivity of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances. Because of its success in producing more agricultural products there, Green Revolution technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, significantly increasing the number of calories produced per acre of agriculture. This has resulted in problems of soil Stalinization. Starting in 1965, India's Green Revolution transformed the country's few fertile regions into veritable breadbaskets, quadrupling India's output of wheat and rice. The extent of systematic damages caused in the process of Green Revolution to the soil, groundwater, and ecosystem needs to be quantified. Much of this green revolution was caused by the combination of high rates of success caused by combination of high rates of investment in crop research and infrastructure development along with market development and appropriate policy (ref) and its impacts where more pronounced for those countries with poor investment on research process (ref). Another cause would be poor land conditions and the high rate of famine. India, for example, was on the brink of mass famine in the early 1960s because of its rapidly growing population. Ray Offenheiser: The Green Revolution was the emergence of new varieties of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were able to double if not triple production of those crops in … In 2002-03, their use increased to 1441 thousand tonnes. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them. Much of the success was caused by the combination of high rates of investment in crop research, infrastructure, and market development and appropriate policy support that took place during the first Green Revolution (GR). Privacy Policy3. The Green Revolution was certainly one of the forces accounting for that shift. Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution and this forever changed the areas where various crops can be grown. By combining Borlaug's wheat varieties with new mechanized agricultural technologies, Mexico was able to produce more wheat than was needed by its own citizens, leading to them becoming an exporter of wheat by the 1960s. has made many efforts for agricultural development. History and Development of the Green Revolution, Plant Technologies of the Green Revolution, The Three Sisters: the Traditional Intercropping Agricultural Method, An Overview of Biotechnology and the Biotech Industry, The Granger Laws and the Granger Movement, The Eight Founder Crops and the Origins of Agriculture, The Domestication History of Cotton (Gossypium), Why Wheat is an Important Crop Around the World. Enivrontmental resources like soi fertility and ground water are built up over mnay years. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. The Green Revolution buys the time Third World countries desperately need to deal with the underlying social causes of poverty and to cut birth rates. In 1966, there were 10 thousand tractors, while in 2002-03, it increased to 3.54 lakhs. Share Your PPT File. The major causes for the Green Revolution were the aspiration to reduce famine and the eagerness farmers developed when experimenting with the new technologies. Proper arrangement of irrigation and used HYV seeds, enabled the farmers to grow more than one crop in a year. In 1965-66, 22 lakh hectares area had irrigation facility: while 76 lakh hectares area got this facility in year 2002-03. By having this increased crop homogeneity though the types were more prone to disease and pests because there were not enough varieties to fight them off. Previously marketing facilities were inadequate. During the Green Revolution, plants that had the largest seeds were selected to create the most production possible. buys agriculture produce at minimum price fixed by commission through agencies like Food corporation of India, Markfed and Punsup etc. Punjab Agricultural university (PAU) Ludhiana has done a lot of research on agricultural problems. 644 crore on irrigation. The scattered holdings of the farmers have been consolidated in one large holding. Countries all over the world, in turn, benefited from the Green Revolution work conducted by Borlaug and this research institution. After re-organisation of Punjab, technical revolution was introduced in agriculture. The American economist James K. Boyce calls this phenomenon “immiserizing growth,” when economic growth, and political and social conditions are such that the rich get absolutely richer and the poor become absolutely poorer. This study reveals that the Green Revolution alleles produce N-terminal truncated proteins through translational reinitiation in spikes and nodes, but not in the aleurone layers of grains. The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India and the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated agricultural techniques. For example in wheat and rice rotation, Moong and sunflower can be sown in same field. Farmers can now store their produce in warehouses and cold storages and can get remunerative price of their produce. Green Revolution in India: A Case Study Why Green Revolution? The harvest index refers to the above-ground weight of the plant. In case of rice the yield increased from 1000 kgms to 3500 kgms. Known as the Bengal Famine, an estimated four million people died of hunger that year alone in eastern India (that included today's Bangladesh ). The Green revolution is one. Consequences of the Green Revolution would be competition, reduced genetic diversity, water shortages, and changes in lifestyle. The university provided better quality seeds for wheat, rice, cotton, gram, maize, sugarcane and oilseeds. Causes or Importance of Green Revolution (GR): (1) Population Growth: During fifties and early sixties due to population growth the real per capita income and per capita food availability has reduced. In 1965-66 chemical fertilizers were used 97 thousand tonnes. Finally, by selectively breeding plants that were not sensitive to day length, researchers like Borlaug were able to double a crop’s production because the plants were not limited to certain areas of the globe based solely on the amount of light available to them. Since fertilizers are largely what made the Green Revolution possible, they forever changed agricultural practices because the high yield varieties developed during this time cannot grow successfully without the help of fertilizers. Under this programme, much attention is paid to crop rotation, chemical fertilizers, use of HYV seeds and water etc. towards a new green revolution By the year 2010, the population of the planet is expected to swell to around 7 billion, almost double what it had beer' just 40 years earlier. Large By maximizing the seed or food portion of the plant, it was able to use photosynthesis more efficiently because the energy produced during this process went directly to the food portion of the plant. There was economic growth yet it caused massive impoverishment. Tube well irrigation has rapidly increased. This disadvantage is present because the practices rely on a handful of high-yield crops for production standards. Rich harvest can bring down price. This rapid increase in agricultural production is called Green revolution. 1. Borlaug and the Ford Foundation then implemented research there and they developed a new variety of rice, IR8, that produced more grain per plant when grown with irrigation and fertilizers. Ground water pollution, nutrient imbalances, emergence of new pests, diseases and environmental degradation. In 2003, these facilities increased to 605 crores. What is the new green revolution? Places like India and China that once feared famine have not experienced it since implementing the use of IR8 rice and other food varieties. I distinguish the first GR period as 1966–1985 and the post-GR period as the next two decades. The large increase in agricultural production due to mechanised agriculture, use of High yielding variety of seeds, use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection by spraying pesticides, etc. Though the green revolution did increase food grain production in the country but is has been achieved at the cost of intensive used of irrigation water, fertilizers and other inputs. Short summaryThe wheat yield increases during the Green Revolution were achieved through the introduction of the Rht-1 alleles (DELLA alleles) that cause dwarfism, without affecting dormancy. The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies, including High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of cereals, especially dwarf wheat and rice. Now there are proper arrangements to protect the plants against diseases and pests. Farmers had to sell their produce in unregulated markets and got less price of their produce. The many causes and consequences of the Green Revolution, from 1945 to today, ranged from defined social differences growing over time, a need for an increase in crop production, and a multitude of negative effects on the environment. has to spend Rs. The use of HYV seeds have played major role in increasing agricultural production. With the result of this the agricultural production increased tremendously. Amanda Briney is a professional geographer. In past money lenders provide credit to farmers at a very high rate. The crops developed during the Green Revolution were high yield varieties - meaning they were domesticated plants bred specifically to respond to fertilizers and produce an increased amount of grain per acre planted. One cause of the Green Revolution would be the growth of mechanization and population. in geography and a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic information Systems (GIS). The Farmer can arrange for irrigation facilities on the large holding. The new green revolution involves genetically modifying animals, plants and fish. Under five Year Plans, govt. has done a lot to develop the agricultural production. Although all … Welcome to EconomicsDiscussion.net! This rapid increase in agricultural production is called Green revolution. In 1996-97, 20,000 hectares land was reclaimed. In 1965-66, production of food grains in Punjab was 33.89 lakh tonnes and in 2002-03, production of food grains increased to 235 lakh tonnes. Tractors, harvesting combines, tube wells and pumping sets and threshers etc. Along with the benefits gained from the Green Revolution, there have been several criticisms. The Green revolution is a series of events right from starting of using of high yielding variety of seeds, pesticides, improved agricultural equipment’s, etc. Inter-Crop Imbalances: The effect of Green Revolution is primarily felt on food-grains. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge Due to multiple cropping production of food grain has increased tremendously. The green revolution has two types of effects on Indian economy, namely, (a) economic effects and (b) sociological effects. In the 1940s, he began conducting research in Mexico and developed new disease resistance high-yield varieties of wheat. 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