Elijah P. Lovejoy (1838). an abolitionist martyr. abolitionist. Threats of mob violence, however, forced him to move his press across the Mississippi River to Alton, in the free state of Illinois. His views were influenced by Nelson, an abolitionist. [15], In 1837 he started the Alton Observer, also an abolitionist paper. His death deeply affected many Northerners and greatly strengthened the abolitionist (anti-slavery) cause. [18][19] According to the Alton Observer, the mob fired shots into the warehouse. There is a plaque honoring Elijah Parish Lovejoy on the external wall at the Mackay Campus Center at his alma mater, Princeton Theological Seminary. Daniel Lovejoy named his son "Elijah Parish" in honor of his close friend and mentor, the Reverend Elijah Parish, who was also involved in politics. Although McIntosh attempted to escape, he was caught and a mob tied him up and burned him to death. [16], Lovejoy's views on slavery became more extreme and he called for a convention to discuss the formation of a state Anti-Slavery Society. By October 1835, there were rumors of mob action against the Observer. There is a Lovejoy Health Center named for him in Albion, ME, the place of his birth. Elijah Lovejoy was an abolitionist, antislavery activist and advocate, Presbyterian reverend, newspaper editor, and publisher who earned a reputation as an uncompromising opponent of slavery. He eventually landed a position with the Saturday Evening Gazette as a newspaper subscription peddler. [7] During the winter and spring, he taught at China Academy. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. Lovejoy is the minister at The First Church of Springfield—the Protestant church in … However, the newspaper's owners released the Observer property to the moneylender who held the mortgage and the new owners asked Lovejoy to stay on as editor. Elijah Parish Lovejoy (November 9, 1802 – November 7, 1837) was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist. Lovejoy was hit five times with slugs from a shotgun and died immediately; Weller was wounded. The news of his death stirred the people of the North profoundly and led to a great strengthening of abolitionist sentiment. Senator from Maine. Elijah P. Lovejoy, in full Elijah Parish Lovejoy, (born November 9, 1802, Albion, Maine, U.S.—died November 7, 1837, Alton, Illinois), American newspaper editor and martyred abolitionist who died in defense of his right to print antislavery material in the period leading up to the American Civil War (1861–65). What happened to Reverend Lovejoy's printing press? How did men like William Lloyd Garrison, Reverend Lovejoy, and Fredrick Douglass participate in the abolitionist movement? Lovejoy's views on slavery began to incite complaints and threats. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elijah-P-Lovejoy, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Elijah Lovejoy, Elijah P. Lovejoy - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [8] Agreeing, Lovejoy in May 1827 moved to Boston to earn money for his journey, having settled on Illinois as his destination. Gill was himself a former Alton minister who, like Lovejoy, also suffered persecution for his commitment to human rights. Returning to St. Louis, he set up a church and resumed work as editor of the Observer. The Lovejoy School in Washington, DC was named in his honor in 1870. Elijah Parish Lovejoy Was Killed By a Pro-slavery Mob November 7, 1837 On November 7, 1837, Elijah Parish Lovejoy was killed by a pro-slavery mob while defending the site of his anti-slavery newspaper, The Saint Louis Observer. William Lloyd Garrison used his Boston newspaper, The Liberator to spread his message. However, the presiding judge, Judge Lawless, refused to convict anyone and considered the crime a spontaneous mob action without any specific people to prosecute. Elijah Parish Lovejoy Elijah Parish Lovejoy (1802-1837), a native of Albion, Maine, was murdered in Alton, Illinois by a pro-slavery mob on November 7, 1837 while defending his right to promote the abolition of slavery in the United States. Twenty years after Lovejoy’s death – and before becoming president – Lincoln wrote to his friend, the Reverend James Lemen, reflecting, “Lovejoy’s tragic death for freedom in every sense marked his sad ending as the most important single event that ever happened in … William Lloyd Garrison, Reverend Lovejoy, and Fredrick Douglas all had one thing in common. abolitionist reverend. Elijah P. Lovejoy, Alton, 1837, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, 1946, "Angry mobs, deadly duels, presses set on fire: A history of attacks on the press", http://www.newseum.org/exhibits/online/journalists-memorial/, Correspondence & manuscripts, 1804-1891, at Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Frontenac, Missouri meetinghouse where Lovejoy once preached, Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, List of lynching victims in the United States, William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner, Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN), Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore, Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act, The National Memorial for Peace and Justice, National Museum of African American History and Culture, "The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy&oldid=1001024503, Presbyterian Church (USA) teaching elders, American anti-abolitionist riots and civil disorder, Articles needing additional references from November 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. abolitionist outcries had been an impact on northern minds and were beginning to sway more and more toward their side. St. Louis Observer, St. Louis, Missouri, Elijah P. Lovejoy, publisher, founder, 1833, became the Alton Observer, Alton, Illinois . At the same time, it was an area where both free Blacks and slaves worked in the city, especially on the waterfront and steamboats. After completing his early studies in public schools, Lovejoy attended the Academy at Monmouth and China Academy. In September 1826, Lovejoy graduated cum laude from Waterville College,[6] of which he was valedictorian. The presiding judge also doubled as a witness to the proceedings. According to John Quincy Adams, the murder "[gave] a shock as of an earthquake throughout this country". The mob put up the ladder again; when Lovejoy and Weller went out to overturn it, they were spotted and shot. Finally, on the night of November 7, 1837, a mob attacked the building, and Lovejoy was killed in its defense. Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. The church is now named LoveJoy United Presbyterian Church, after its founder. All three of them were abolitionist and spread anit-slavery ideas through print. Born in Maine, Lovejoy moved to Princeton in 1838 where he was a minister for a Congregationalist Church. Reverend Lovejoy was abolitionist that published anti-slavery articles. After spending the afternoon there, they headed to the Cambridge home of Reverend Joseph C. Lovejoy, brother of the martyred abolitionist Elijah Lovejoy. Six years later he became editor of the St. Louis Observer, a Presbyterian weekly in which he strongly condemned slavery and supported gradual emancipation. Britannica now has a site just for parents! Some of his supporters were later buried near him. "Timothy Lovejoy" redirects here. [20][page needed]. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. The Slave’s Friend (children magazine), founded by abolitionist Lewis Tappan [13], In spring 1834, Lovejoy penned a number of articles and editorials criticizing the Catholic Church. Many in Alton began questioning allowing Lovejoy to continue printing in their town. The leaders of the mob set up a ladder against the warehouse. Lovejoy is perhaps best known for his role in the Underground Railroad. The 1837 mob killing of Elijah Lovejoy was finally commemorated by a monument in Alton's City Cemetery, installed sixty years later in 1897. [9] Unsuccessful at finding work, he started to Illinois by foot. Lovejoy occasionally hired slaves to work with him at the paper, one of whom, William Wells Brown, later recounted his experience in a memoir. Lovejoy's father was a Congregational preacher and farmer and his mother, a devout Christian. how might the abolitionist have been contributing to the tension arising over … He attended revival meetings in 1831 led by William S. Potts, pastor of First Presbyterian Church that rekindled his interest in religion for a time. Memorialized as the first name listed in the "Journalists Memorial" located at the Newseum, 555 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC. Due to his own lack of an education, he encouraged his sons—Daniel, J… A major port in a slave state surrounded by free ones, St. Louis was a center of both abolitionist and pro-slavery factions. while southern states took steps to protect the practice, a growing antislavery movement was brewing in the north. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. was destroyed four times. Many escaped slaves crossed the Mississippi River from Missouri, a slave state. On the fourth, on November 7, 1837, the mob murdered Lovejoy. history PLEASE HELP AND FAST (use two examples) some historians say that the attacks by the abolitionist actually strengthened sectionalism in the south instead of weakening it. Updates? They felt Southern states, or even St. Louis, might not want to do business with their town if they continued to harbor an abolitionist. enslavement grew larger and more profitable than ever before in the nation’s history. Dissatisfied with daily teaching, Lovejoy thought about moving to the Southern or Western United States. Articles during slavery times led to him creating a newspaper called "The Alton Observer". The jury foreman had been a member of the mob and was wounded in the attack. Lovejoy wrote a response to the letter, making it clear he did not agree with the publishers' policy. After his death, his brother Owen Lovejoy entered politics and became the leader of the Illinois abolitionists. Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. Omissions? He reminded the audience that he was a hardworking and God-fearing citizen who had broken no laws, and that the physical threats to him and his family were totally unjustified. [10] Struggling with his finances, he wrote to Jeremiah Chaplin, the president of Waterville College, explaining his situation. For nearly five weeks, he walked up and down streets, knocking on peoples' doors and wheedling passersby, in hopes of getting them to subscribe to the newspaper. [6] On the night of February 16, Hayden and Smith brought Minkins to the Bigelows' house in Concord to hide. Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. Lovejoy was a reverend and newspaper editor who spoke out against slavery. He was shot and killed by a pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois, during their attack on the warehouse of Benjamin Godfrey and W. S. Gillman, where Lovejoy's press and abolitionist materials were stored. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Richard Lovejoy, writer and descendant of Elijah P. Lovejoy. He ended by declaring that he would not be driven away, but would continue his work in Alton. In May 1836, after pro-slavery forces in St. Louis destroyed his printing press for the third time, Lovejoy left the city and moved across the river to Alton, in the free state of Illinois. Another sixty years passed before John Glanville Gill published the first full-length biography of the slain abolitionist minister and editor. Among these new acquaintances were Edward Bates, Hamilton R. Gamble, and Archibald Gamble. The issues involved in the death of the Rev. Lovejoy struggled with his interest in religion, often writing his parents about his sinfulness and rebellion against God. Lovejoy accepted and on November 22, 1833, the first issue of the St. Louis Observer was published. Daniel Lovejoy named his son "Elijah Parish" in honor of his close friend and mentor, Elijah Parish, a minister who was also involved in politics. Reverend Timothy Lovejoy, Jr. is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons. There was such fear at the time of Lovejoy's death that no service was held, and the town newspaper he had led did not even report his death, though many other newspapers around the country decried this murder. The printing press sat on the riverbank, unguarded, overnight and was destroyed and thrown into the Mississippi River. His activity in support of abolition had been prominently on display in two local forums. The noted abolitionist Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy (1802-37) is believed to have owned this press. His editorials criticized slavery and other church denominations. Owen Lovejoy (1811-1864), an influential abolitionist, lived in this house, a National Historic Landmark, which was used as a depot on the Underground Railroad. Frederick Douglass - Douglass wrote about his experiences as a slave to portray the cruelty of slavery to the American public. He studied at the Academy at Monmouth and the China Academy before enrolling in Maine Waterville College in 1823. [2] Lovejoy's father was a Congregational preacher and farmer, and his mother was a homemaker and a devout Christian. That same year, Lovejoy began editorializing on slavery, the most controversial social issue of that time. On November 2, 1837, five days before his death, he gave an emotive speech in Alton on the abolition question. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). What happened by the 1850s? Lovejoy became a national symbol for the abolitionist movement and is remembered today not only in the history books but with a large monument in Alton that overlooks the city. When Lovejoy and his men returned fire, they hit several people in the crowd, killing a man named Bishop.[18]. The judge made remarks insinuating that abolitionists, including Lovejoy and the Observer, had incited McIntosh into stabbing the policemen. "[1]:101, Lovejoy was born at his grandfather's frontier farmhouse near Albion, Maine, as the first of the nine children of Elizabeth (Pattee) Lovejoy and Daniel Lovejoy. This led him to a partnership with T. J. Miller as an editor on the St. Louis Times, a paper that supported Henry Clay for President in 1832. Lovejoy was away from the city at this time and the publishers declared that no further articles on slavery would appear during Lovejoy's absence and, when he returned, he would follow a more rigorous editorial policy. The Lovejoy supporters were not happy to have his enemies at the convention, but relented as the meeting was open to all parties. Reverent Lovejoy (aka Elijah Parish Lovejoy)- He was a famous abolitionist and Presbyterian minister during the early 19th century. Lovejoy was born at his grandfather's frontier farmhouse near Albion, Maine, as the first of the nine children of Elizabeth (Pattee) and Reverend Daniel Lovejoy. Lovejoy was prominent in the abolition movement and the Underground Railroad, a founder of the Illinois and national Republican party, and a congressional leader. Elijah Lovejoy’s younger brother, Owen Lovejoy, became an abolitionist leader in Illinois, friend of Abraham Lincoln, and There are no choices 4,738 results, page 9 Margaret ____1__ young people may be able to list the many accomplishments of the Reverend Dr. Marting Luther, King jr. It closed in 1988 and became the Lovejoy Lofts condominiums in 2004. His associate Edward Beecher, brother of Henry Reverend Lovejoy ( Simpsons) (Presbyterian)Reverend Elijah Lovejoy. In his name, his brother Owen became the leader of the Illinois abolitionists. Alton had been settled by pro-slavery Southerners who thought Alton should not become a haven for escaped slaves. Friends in St. Louis offered to finance a Presbyterian newspaper there if Lovejoy would agree to edit it. In St. Louis, Lovejoy quickly became ill, but once recovered, he operated a school with a friend, modeled on high schools in the East. For the abolitionist and congressman, see Owen Lovejoy. He stopped in New York City in mid-June, to try to find work. Before he could move the press, an angry mob broke into the Observer office and vandalized it. He also started an abolitionist paper called the Alton Observer. [1]:97–98 "The Boston Recorder declared that these events called forth from every part of the land 'a burst of indignation which has not had its parallel in this country since the Battle of Lexington. With his murder symbolic of the rising tensions within the country, Lovejoy is called the "first casualty of the Civil War."[15]. In it, he asserted his willingness to respect the views of his opponents, but claimed the right to challenge them, as guaranteed in the Constitution. ... we've compiled a series of multiple-choice questions about Elijah P. Lovejoy the abolitionist that will test your understanding of this historical figure. Elijah Parish Lovejoy (November 9, 1802 – November 7, 1837) was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist. He is voiced by Harry Shearer, and first appeared in the episode " The Telltale Head ". Rev. However, Lovejoy admitted to his parents that "gradually these feelings all left me, and I returned to the world a more hardened sinner than ever. Elijah Parish Lovejoy was born on November 9, 1802, in Albion, Maine to Elizabeth and Reverend Daniel Lovejoy. He was shot and killed by a pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois, during their attack on the warehouse of Benjamin Godfrey and W. S. Gillman, where Lovejoy's press and abolitionist materials were stored. Lovejoy did not think he could do well in Illinois's scantly settled land, so he headed for St. Louis, where he settled the same year.[11]. These conflicts of interest resulted in a "not guilty" verdict. After becoming proficient enough in Latin and mathematics, he enrolled at Waterville College (now Colby College) in Waterville, Maine, as a sophomore in 1823. [14] He sold his interest in the Times, returned East to study at the Princeton Theological Seminary, and upon completion, went to Philadelphia, where he became an ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church in April 1833. [5] His cousin Nathan A. Farwell later served as a U.S. His interest in teaching waned, however, when local editors began accepting his poems in their newspapers. Lovejoy and his supporter Royal Weller went outside, surprised the pro-slavery partisans, pushed over the ladder and retreated back inside the warehouse. One was killed and the other seriously injured. '"[1]:98 When informed at a meeting about the murder, John Brown said publicly: "Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, from this time, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery. As a result, Elijah was taught to read the Bible and other religious texts at an early age.[4]. When angry mobs threatened to shut down his newspaper, he pressed on. But Lovejoy was seen as a martyr for the antislavery cause as well, and his murder inspired many to join the abolitionist movement. Elijah P. Lovejoy, in full Elijah Parish Lovejoy, (born November 9, 1802, Albion, Maine, U.S.—died November 7, 1837, Alton, Illinois), American newspaper editor and martyred abolitionist who died in defense of his right to print antislavery material in the period leading up to the American Civil War (1861–65). For the television presenter, see Tim Lovejoy. This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 22:09. He replied in an editorial reiterating his views and his right to publish them. Elijah Lovejoy was buried in Alton Cemetery in an unmarked grave. In 1832, influenced by the Christian revivalist movement led by abolitionist David Nelson, he joined the First Presbyterian Church and decided to become a preacher. There is a Lovejoy Elementary School in Alton, IL. Reverend Lovejoy was its most famous resident and occupied the house from 1838 until his death in 1864. His former teachers at Waterville College advised him that he would best serve God in the West. Originally from Maine, Lovejoy moved to Alton, Illinois in southern Illinois where he published the Alton Observer, an anti-slavery newspaper, and helped found the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society. They broke it up and threw the pieces into the river. Francis Butter Murdoch, the district attorney of Alton, prosecuted Lovejoy's murder but no one was convicted. "[13] A year later, Lovejoy found the call to God he desired. After an economic crisis in March 1837, Alton citizens wondered if Lovejoy's views were contributing to hard times. Lovejoy received financial support from minister Benjamin Tappan to continue his attendance at Waterville College. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He was asked to resign as editor of the Observer, to which he agreed. He began an abolitionist newspaper in Illinois. Get an answer to your question “1.How did Elijah Lovejoy and William Lloyd Garrison contribute to the abolitionist movement? He also started an abolitionist paper called the Alton Observer. [13], Lovejoy and The Observer continued to be embroiled in controversy. [13], Lovejoy was considered a martyr by the abolition movement. After the Reverend Elijah Lovejoy, editor of an Abolitionist newspaper in St. Louis, moved it in 1836 to Alton, Illinois, the citizens of Alton destroyed in on three occasions. He worked as an editor of an anti-Jacksonian newspaper, the St. Louis Observer, and ran a school. A group of prominent St. Louisans, including many of Lovejoy's friends, wrote a letter pleading with him to cease discussion of slavery in the newspaper. Elijah Parish Lovejoy was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist. Observing the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, the Reverend Owen Lovejoy denied that the Constitution and the laws made under its authority must in all circumstances be obeyed. Despite its new location, his press was destroyed by mobs several times in one year. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, List of journalists killed in the United States, "Winthrop S. Gilman Dead: An Original Abolitionist and Successful Business Man and Banker", "Elijah Parish Lovejoy Was Killed By a Pro-slavery Mob", John Glanville Gill. Frederick Douglass was a slave that then became a free man who could write. What was Reverend Lovejoy killed by? The supporters in attendance were surprised to see two pro-slavery advocates in the crowd, John Hogan and Illinois Attorney General Usher F. Linder. ...” in History if there is no answer or all answers are wrong, use a search bar and try to find the answer among similar questions. Corrections? In 1827 Lovejoy moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he established a school and entered journalism. With already negative attention on him, Lawless' opinion did nothing to help Lovejoy and in May, Lovejoy decided to move the Observer to Alton, Illinois.[13]. He also started an abolitionist paper called the Alton Observer. Lovejoy packed what remained of the office for shipment to Alton. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. Owen and his brother Joseph wrote a memoir about Elijah, which was published in 1838 by the Anti-Slavery Society in New York and distributed widely among abolitionists in the nation. His abolitionist stance was published in the newspaper the St. Louis Observer. From 1814 to 1860, more than three hundred freedom suits were filed by slaves to gain freedom, often based on their having lived in free territory with their masters. He served as pastor at Upper Alton Presbyterian Church (now College Avenue Presbyterian Church). “Is the individual swallowed up in the citizen?” he asked. The Rights of All (formerly Freedom’s Journal), founded 1829, by Reverend Samuel E. Cornish . He is also honored in the name of the current Presbytery of Giddings-Lovejoy, formed from the merger of Elijah Parish Lovejoy Presbytery and the Presbytery of Southeast Missouri on January 3, 1985. [4] He excelled in his studies, and upon faculty recommendation, from 1824 until his 1826 graduation, while still an undergraduate, he also served as headmaster of Colby's associated high school, the Latin School (later Coburn Classical Institute). He continued his critical writings to include editorials on tobacco and liquor as well. Definitions of Reverend Lovejoy, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of Reverend Lovejoy, ... For the abolitionist, see Elijah Parish Lovejoy. (person wanting to abolish slavery) and believed slavery was a sin against God. Joseph P. and Owen Lovejoy, The Martyrdom of Lovejoy, An Account of the Life, Trials, and Perils of Rev. Pro-Slavery factions China Academy before enrolling in Maine, Lovejoy thought about moving to the abolitionist and pro-slavery.... And began teaching at the Princeton Theological Seminary in new York City in mid-June to... Were later buried near him let us know if you have suggestions to improve this (. Account of the St. Louis, he gave an emotive speech in Alton Cemetery in an reiterating., however, when local editors began accepting his poems in their newspapers emotive speech in Alton began questioning Lovejoy... Many to join the abolitionist movement Attorney of Alton, Illinois was a center both! 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